(Minghui.org) A total of 702 sentencing cases of Falun Gong practitioners were reported in the first half of 2023.
Among the 702 newly reported cases, 104 (14.8%) cases took place between 2014 and 2020, 52 (7.4%) cases happened in 2021, 192 (27.4%) in 2022, 350 (49.9%) in 2023 and 4 (0.6%) cases with unknown timing. The 350 cases in 2023 further broke down to 42 in January, 44 in February, 73 in March, 58 in April, 71 in May, 29 in June, and another 33 cases with unknown months. Due to strict information censorship in China, the incidents can’t always be reported in a timely manner, nor is all the information readily available.
The sentenced practitioners hailed from 23 provinces and 4 municipalities. Shandong reported the most cases 111, followed by Liaoning (85), Heilongjiang (77), and Jilin (54). Twelve other regions had cases between 10 and 54. The remaining eleven areas had single-digit cases. The full list of sentenced practitioners can be downloaded here (PDF).
Violation of Legal Procedure
Sentenced Without Legal Basis
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP)’s persecution apparatus consists of three major components:
The Political and Legal Affairs Committee (PLAC)
The 610 Office
The law enforcement and judiciary system
Both the PLAC and 610 Office are extrajudicial agencies given the power to override the Constitution and laws of China.
The actual implementer includes the entire law enforcement and judicial system – Public Security (the police), the Procuratorate (public prosecutors), the courts, and the Justice Bureaus – as well as other agencies such as the CCP’s Propaganda Department, State Security Department, Foreign Affairs Department, military, armed police, and so on.
Most of the practitioners were sentenced for violating Article 300 of the Criminal Law, which states that anyone using a cult organisation to undermine law enforcement must be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. China’s law-making body, the People’s Congress, has never enacted any law criminalising Falun Gong or labeling it a cult.
When sentencing Ms. Chen Qiuju, a 54-year-old resident of Pengxi County, Sichuan Province, to three years on June 29, 2023, both the prosecutor and the presiding judge in charge of her case admitted that the local 610 Office and PLAC had ordered them to give her a heavy sentence if she refused to sign a statement to renounce Falun Gong.
Another judge in Zhoukou City, Henan Province, cited the “China Anti-cult Website” and the government’s persecution policy as the legal basis, instead of any enacted law, when he delivered a 2.5-year sentence to Ms. Xia Dongmei.
According to World Organisation to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong, the directors and key members of China Anti-Cult Association, the organisation behind the “China Anti-cult Website,” are members of the Chinese Communist Party and have been actively participating in the persecution. The website has also been used to spread hate propaganda to smear Falun Gong and justify the persecution.
During the hearing of the case against Ms. Sun Baifeng, a Tangshan City, Hebei Province, resident, on February 9, 2023, the prosecutor accused her and other Falun Gong practitioners of “attacking the Chinese Communist Party and the government” by exposing the Tiananmen self-immolation hoax (in which several people who set themselves on fire on Tiananmen Square were labeled as Falun Gong practitioners, when in fact none of them had ever practiced Falun Gong).
The prosecutor also said, “The Constitution started by saying that the country is governed by the Chinese Communist Party. If you are against the Party, you are violating the Constitution.” He continued to say that due to Falun Gong’s influence in society (prior to the persecution), the government specifically came up with the charge of “undermining law enforcement” to criminalise the practitioners. When presented with the fact that Falun Gong wasn’t included in the cult list identified by the communist regime in 2000, he stated, “Not having it on the list doesn’t mean we can’t crack down on it.”
Denial Legal Representation
As more and more lawyers and practitioners’ family members stepped up to defend them, the authorities also used all kinds of tactics to block their legal defense.
Shortly after Mr. Luo Banglin, a 40-year-old veteran in Miyi County, Sichuan Province, was arrested on March 15, 2022, his wife, Ms. Hong Chuyan, went to the procuratorate and filed an application to be his non-lawyer defender. Hu Shouhua, the prosecutor in charge of the case, demanded that she sign paperwork promising not to hire a lawyer for her husband. She refused to make such a promise.
Ms. Hong submitted her defense statement on August 12 and received a call from Hu three days later. Hu said that she wasn’t allowed to represent her husband as a non-lawyer defender or visit him at the detention centre. Without allowing Mr. Luo any legal counsel, the Miyi County Court sentenced Mr. Luo to three years on December 23, 2022.
When Ms. Zhang Suqin, of Xinxiang City, Henan Province, stood trial on February 17, 2023, for talking to people about Falun Gong, the judge frequently interrupted her lawyer, Mr. Xie Yanyi, as he entered a not-guilty plea for her, before removing him from the courtroom.
Mr. Miao Zhongjun’s lawyer went to the Lianhu District Procuratorate in Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province to review his case document around July 2022, after his arrest was approved. Yet prosecutor Zhao questioned him on whether he signed a representation agreement with Mr. Miao’s family, whether he provided a receipt of their payment to him, and whether he notified his local justice bureau of his representation of a Falun Gong practitioner with the local justice bureau.
Zhao added that Mr. Miao’s case involved state secrets and she had to ask for permission from her supervisor before she could allow the lawyer to review his case documents. She refused to provide her phone number to the lawyer, saying that she would contact him if she had any updates. She also asked for personal information about Mr. Miao’s family member who hired the lawyer. The lawyer refused to answer her question and said it was illegal for her to ask for private information on his client.
After leaving Zhao’s office, the lawyer filed a complaint against her, but to no avail. Zhao indicted Mr. Miao and moved his case to the Lianhu District Court the next day, without allowing the lawyer to review his case documents.
Mr. Miao, 66, stood trial at the Lianhu District Court on March 23, 2023, and is now awaiting a verdict.
In Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, a judge appointed two lawyers to represent Mr. Jiang Minghui and ordered them to enter a guilty plea for him, despite the fact that his wife had hired a lawyer for him. Ms. Jiang stood trial on April 7, 2023, and is also awaiting a verdict.
When Ms. Li Dongju’s lawyer contacted the intermediate court on April 13, 2023, to inquire about the status of her appeal against a 5.5-year sentence for practicing Falun Gong, he was shocked to learn that the judge had ruled to uphold her original verdict and closed the case.
The lawyer also found out that the court had appointed two lawyers to represent Ms. Li, even though he had already started to work on her case. With the excuse that only two lawyers could represent Ms. Li, the appeals court judge rejected her lawyer’s request to review her case document and didn’t inform him of the hearing of Ms. Li’s appeal case.
Ms. Li, a Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, resident in her 60s, was arrested on July 12, 2022, and sentenced to 5.5 years on December 4, 2022.
Fabricated Evidence
In addition to the lack of legal basis and denying the practitioners of legal representation, the authorities also fabricated evidence against the practitioners in order to jail them.
During Mr. Wang Lin’s hearing by the Linghai City Court on June 5, 2023, the Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province resident exposed the police for fabricating evidence against him and also accused the Linghai City Procuratorate of failing to investigate the police-supplied evidence, as required by law.
According to Mr. Wang, the police supplied video footage showing a man driving a car near a residential complex. The police claimed that the video was proof that Mr. Wang had distributed Falun Gong materials there because the make and model of the car were the same as his and the man in the video looked very much like him. Mr. Wang said that the video footage failed to prove that the man in the video was indeed him. Additionally, the video didn’t even show the man passing out any materials.
The second piece of police-supplied evidence was a home surveillance video submitted to them by resident Hao in the same residential complex. The footage showed a man holding a bag outside Hao’s home. The police alleged that the video was proof that Mr. Wang had hung Falun Gong materials on the doorknob of Hao’s home. Mr. Wang pointed out that the video didn’t show the man taking things out of his bag or putting things in the bag. Moreover, the video was not clear enough to show what the man looked like.
The third piece of police-supplied evidence was a photo of Mr. Wang standing by the doorknob of a house in the residential complex. He said that one day after his arrest, the police brought him to that house and hung a bag on the doorknob before taking a picture of him. He pointed out that the house was not Hao’s home and he didn’t know what was in the bag.
The fourth piece of police-supplied evidence was an interrogation record submitted to the Linghai City Procuratorate but never shown to Mr. Wang. He said that the police did show him some documents and that he acknowledged this upon noting it was indeed about what he said during the interrogation. But according to his lawyer, the interrogation record submitted to the Linghai City Procuratorate by the police contained incriminating information against him. He suspected that the police submitted a totally different version without allowing him to read it.
When prosecutor Li Feng went to the local detention centre to question Mr. Wang, he requested that the Procuratorate investigate the evidence as required by law before making an indictment decision. Li ignored him and left after only a few minutes, without listening to him explain how the police had fabricated evidence against him. Mr. Wang also said that Li was very rude to him.
Judge Huang Yanchun sentenced Mr. Wang to four years in prison with an 8,000-yuan fine on June 25.
In Ms. Xu Ping’s case, the police forced her to sign a piece of blank paper, and he and other officers then copied her signature to fabricate evidence against her. They also fabricated two witness accounts against her. She applied to the court to examine the faked evidence, but the judge never responded to her. The prosecutor remained silent as she talked about the faked evidence during her hearing on February 9, 2023.
When Mr. Shi Zongxi, a resident of Baoding City, Hebei Province, appeared in court on February 17, 2023, for practicing Falun Gong, his lawyers were shocked to see that the prosecutor listed a villager who had died five years prior as a witness against him.
Heavy Terms and Fines
The prison terms of the newly reported 702 cases ranged from two months to fourteen years, with 89 practitioners receiving five years or longer. A total of 206 practitioners were fined a total of 2,484,000 yuan. Four practitioners were fined 100,000 yuan (including two practitioners who were both sentenced to eight years), five were fined between 50,000 and 70,000 yuan, 84 received fines between 10,000 and 40,000 yuan, and another 113 practitioners were fined between 1,000 and 8,000 yuan.
Mr. Hou Lijun, of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, was sentenced to ten years less than three weeks after his arrest on April 25, 2023. No hearing was held before his sentencing, nor were any witness accounts or valid evidence listed on the verdict.
Mr. Hou’s arrest came after he’d already spent over 20 years in displacement to avoid being persecuted. It has been nearly three months since he started a hunger strike to protest the arrest and sentencing. According to his family who saw him in the hospital after he was rushed there due to his serious condition, his hair had turned gray and he only weighed about 50 kg (110 lbs). He was unable to walk on his own and relied on the help of two inmates. Despite his condition, a guard once ordered him to stand for 30 minutes.

Mr. Hou Lijun (top left), his mother Ms. Kang Shuqin (lower left), father (lower right), and sister (top right)
In Deyang City, Sichuan Province, Ms. Zhao Jie was sentenced to eight years with a 100,000-yuan fine, following a hearing by the Jingyang District Court on February 17, 2023. Her father recently took a fall and became bedridden. Both he and his wife are longing for Ms. Zhao’s return.
A Beijing resident named Ms. Han Chunbo, in her 60s, also received eight years. Her appeal has been rejected by the Beijing Second Intermediate Court. Prior to her latest prison term, Ms. Han was given two years of forced labor in 2008 and sentenced to three and a half years in prison in 2015. The local court approved her husband’s divorce request during her prison term, which stated that she was divorced because she broke the law and that her ex-husband was given all their marital assets.
In Beijing Women’s Prison, Ms. Han was constantly beaten, denied restroom use, and starved. The guards forced her to work overtime and cut her sleep time. They forced her to relieve herself in the basin she used to wash her face. During the winter they stripped her naked and then poured cold water over her head. They also scratched and injured her back with sharp objects.
Targeted in a group arrest in Dongying City, Shandong Province on April 23, 2021, nine practitioners and a family member were later sentenced to prison, for mailing letters to the public exposing the persecution. Their prison terms ranged from 1.5 years with 2 years probation to 8 years. Mr. Zhou Deyong, a senior geological engineer and father of a U.S. resident, was given the heaviest term, also with a 100,000-yuan fine.
During a briefing on “Religious Persecution of Falun Gong by the CCP (Chinese Communist Party)” held by the U.S. Congressional International Religious Freedom Caucus on May 23, 2023, Mr. Zhou’s son, Mr. Zhou You, recounted his father’s ordeal.
“My father is 62 years old. He has lost all of his teeth and is unable to eat meat, vegetables, or even rice. His diet is limited to soup every day,” said Mr. Zhou You. He added, “Please help my father and all Falun Gong practitioners who are being persecuted in China.”